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Introduction

 
Introduction

The rapid expansion of science and technology in the present century makes the rennovation of its teaching a necessity from the conceptual as well as the methodological point of view. From this perspective, the new international and global tendencies towards science teaching were the main inspiration during the preparation of the curriculum.

The science curriculum presents the main concepts in a global approach based on the understanding of the scientific principles and its relation to everyday’s life in the domains of health, environment, technology and ethics.

The adopted pedagogical innovation favors the mastering of the scientific method, the technics of communication and the transfer of knowledge.

The curriculum defines conceptual objectives, technical and methodological that permits the establishing of a relationship between teaching and evaluation.

Several teaching approaches are favoured in the proposed curriculum and in particular that puts the learner in a research situation which helps in the construction of personal knowledge.

 
GENERAL OBJECTIVES

Science plays an important role in our everyday life. It manifests itself in all aspects of human activity. Consequently, it is important that students become life long learners of science, starting with science at school but extending science learning beyond the school years.

To achieve the above, science teaching aims to realize the following general objectives:

  • Develop the learners' intellectual and practical scientific skills.
  • Deepen the learner’s awareness in the ability of humans to understand, invent, and create.
  • Understand the nature of science and technology, their development across history, and their impact on human thought.
  • Insure that learners have acquired the facts, concepts, and principles necessary to understand natural phenomena.
  • Motivate students to apply basic scientific principles in all sciences.
  • Explain the scientific concepts and principles behind commonly used machines and devices
  • Acquire knowledge about health, environment, and safety practices and behave accordingly.
  • Realize that some natural resources can be depleted and make the learner aware of the role of science in sustaining these resources.
  • Encourage learners to use scientific knowledge and skills in novel situations especially in everyday life.
  • Emphasize the role of scientists in the advancement of human kind.
  • Encourage learners to be open to the ideas of scientists from different cultures and to their contributions in the advancement of science.
  • Encourage learners to abide by such scientific values as honesty and objectivity.
  • Develop the learners’ scientific curiosity and orientation toward scientific research.
  • Encourage learners to work independently and cooperatively in solving scientific problems.
  • Make the learners aware of career possibilities in different science related areas.
 
TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION OF PERIODS PER WEEK/YEAR

BASIC EDUCATION

 

Elementary Level

 

FIRST CYCLE

SECOND CYCLE

Year

First

Second

Third

Fourth

Fifth

Sixth

Number of periods per week

2

2

3

4

4

5

Number of periods per year

60

60

90

120

120

150
 

 

 

Intermediate Level

Year

Seventh

Eighth

Ninth

Subject

Physics

Chemistry

Life and Earth Sciences

Physics

Chemistry

Life and Earth Sciences

Physics

Chemistry

Life and Earth Sciences

Number of periods per week

1 1/2

1 1/2

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

Number of periods per year

45

45

90

60

60

60

60

60

60
 

 

 

SECONDARY EDUCATION

Year

SECONDARY FIRST

SECONDARY SECOND

Section

 

 

 

Humanities

 

Sciences

 

Subject

Physics

Chemistry

Life Science

Scientific Literacy

Physics

Chemistry

Life Science

Number of periods per week

3

2

2

3

5

3

2

Number of periods per year

90

60

60

90

150

90

60
 

 

Year

SECONDARY THIRD

Section

Literature and Humanities

Sociology and Economics

 

General Science

 

 

Life Sciences

 

Subject

Scientific Literacy

Scientific Literacy

Physics

Chemistry

Life Science

Physics

Chemistry

Life Science

Number of periods per week

3

4

7

4

-

5

5

6

Number of periods per year

90

120

210

120

-

150

150

180
 

 

 

BASIC EDUCATION

 
SCOPE AND SEQUENCE - BASIC EDUCATION - Elementary Level - First Cycle

First Cycle

Theme

Year One

Year Two

Year Three

Plants and their habitats
  • Growth and needs of plants.
  • Parts of a garden.
  • Seasonal plants.

 
  • Parts of a plant Forest, desert and sea plants.

Animals and their habitats
  • Growth and needs of animals.
  • Similarity, variation and difference in animals.
  • Forest, desert and sea animals.
  • Sea pollution.

 

Man and his health
  • Growth and needs of children.
  • Senses.
  • Keeping clean.

 
  • Body movements.
  • Food groups.
  • Clean vegetables and fruits.
  • General functions in human body.
  • Body protection.

Man and the environment
  • Included in the other themes.

 
  • Included in the other themes.
  • Included in the other themes.

Matter and Energy
  • The sun.
  • Clouds.
  • Air Water.
  • Nonliving things.
  • Water cycle.
  • States of water.

 
  • Heat sources.
  • Properties of states of matter.
  • Force concept.

Earth and the Universe
  • Day and night.
  • The four seasons.
  • Apparent movements of sun.
  • Movement of shadows.
  • Times of day.

 
  • Phases of moon.
  • Temperature.
  • Breakdown of rocks.
 

 

 
SCOPE AND SEQUENCE - BASIC EDUCATION - Elementary Level - Second Cycle

Second Cycle

Theme

Year Four

Year Five

Year Six

Plants and their habitats
  • Fresh water habitat and its plants.
  • Classification of plants.

 
  • Nutrition in plants Photosynthesis.
  • Plant cell.
  • Reproduction in plant, Role of man.

Animals and their habitats
  • Fresh water habitat and its plants.
  • Classification of plants.  
  • Nutrition in animals.
  • Adaptation and behavior.
  • Food chain.

 
  • Animal cell.
  • Reproduction in animals, Role of man.

Man and his health
  • Support and movement systems.
  • Food pyramid.
  • Nutrients.
  • Digestive, respiratory, circulatory systems.
  • Protection from disease.  

 
  • Body structure.
  • Nervous and excretory systems.
  • Effects of smoking, etc.

Man and the environment
  • Included in the other themes.
  • Included in the other themes.
  • Interaction between man and environment.
  • Pollution.
  • Insecticides.

 

Matter and Energy
  • Properties of matter.
  • Mixture.
  • Magnets.
  • Electricity.
  • Sound.

 
  • Propagation of light.
  • Flow of electricity.
  • Electric circuits.
  • Chemical substances.
  • Chemical reaction.
  • Simple machines.
  • Energy.
  • Sustainable development.

Earth and the Universe
  • Soil .
  • Formation of soil.
  • Clay.
  • Rocks.
  • Fossils.

 
  • Solar system.
  • Spheres of the earth.
  • Atmospheric pressure.
  • Earth movements.
  • Consequences.
  • Rotation of moon.
  • Satellites.
 

 

 
SCOPE AND SEQUENCE - Intermediate Level - LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES

LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES

Theme

Grade seven

Grade Eight

Grade Nine

Nutrition
  • Feeding behavior of animals.
  • Nutritional needs of plants.
  • Respiration in living things.
  • Relations between environmental conditions, body activities, and nutrition.
  • Nutrition and respiration: vital requirements.

 

 
  • Digestion
  • Respiration
  • Blood circulation
  • Utilization of nutrients and of oxygen.
  • Urinary function
  • Nutrition and health

Reproduction and genetics
  • Animal reproduction.
  • Plant reproduction.
  • Puberty and adolescence.
  • Reproductive organs.
  • Functioning of the reproductive system.
  • Fertilization, development, and birth
  • Birth control.
  • Sexually transmitted diseases: AIDS.

 
  • Chromosomes and genetic information
  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis and gene assortment Mendel’s work
  • Production of useful substances for food industry and medicine by genetic engineering.

Inter-relationships

between living things
  • Study of an ecosystem.
  • Relations between organisms in ecosystems.
  • Food web in an ecosystem.
  • Man and natural equilibrium.

 

 

 

Immunology

 
  • Immunological specificity.
  • Deficiency and disorder of the immune system.
  • Preventive and curative methods.

 

 

Earth and the environment

 
  • Geology: earth science.
  • Manifestations of earth activities.
  • Structure and dynamics of the earth.
  • Circulation of matter on earth.
  • Geology and human responsibilities.

 

 

Nervous coordination and human behavior

 

 
  • Nervous coordination and human

Behavior.

  • Response of organisms to environmental stimuli.
  • Tactile sensation.
  • Substance abuse.

 
 

 

 

 
SCOPE AND SEQUENCE - Intermediate Level - CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

Theme

Grade Seven

Grade Eight

Grade Nine

Classification and Constituents of Matter

Matter: Classification and Separation Techniques

  • Classification of matter
  • Separation techniques
  • Environmental applications

 

Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids

  • Solutions
  • Suspensions and Colloids
  • Environmental applications

 

Pure Substances

  • Elements
  • Compounds
  • Atoms, Molecules and Ions
  • Symbols and Formulas
  • Allotropes: diamond and graphite

The Atom

  • Structure of the atom
  • The Mole concept
  • Periodic table

Chemical Reactions and Energy

Chemical Reactions

  • Reactants and Products
  • Conservation of matter
  • Energy and chemical reactions
  • Combustion as one type of chemical reaction

Electrical Nature of Matter

  • Electrification
  • Electric discharge
  • Conductors and Insulators
  • Electricity and Safety

 

Chemical Reactions

  • Chemical equations
  • Types of chemical reactions
  • Rate of chemical reactions

 

Acids, Bases and Salts

  • Acidic and basic solutions
  • Acidity: Concept of pH
  • Salts
  • Applications

 

Chemical Bonding

  • Stability of inert gases
  • Formation of a chemical bond
  • Electron-dot symbols
  • Covalent bond
  • Ionic bond

 

Electrochemistry

  • Electric energy from chemical reactions
  • Using electric energy to produce chemical reactions
  • Oxidation - Reduction reactions

Organic Chemistry

 

 

Organic Chemistry

  • Hydrocarbons
  • Petroleum, Natural Gas and Coal
  • Esterification and Saponification
  • Synthetic materials

 

Environment

 

 

Chemistry and Environment

  • Pollution of air, water, and soil
  • Addressing pollution problems

 
 

 

 

 
SCOPE AND SEQUENCE - BASIC EDUCATION - Intermediate Level - PHYSICS

PHYSICS

Theme

Grade Seven

Grade Eight

Grade Nine

Matter
  • Solid and liquid states
  • Gaseous state
  • Structure of matter
  • Change of state and expansion

 

 

 

Mechanics

 
  • Motion and speed.
  • Force: effects and classification.
  • Work, power and forms of energy.
  • Equilibrium of a body under the action of two forces. Hooke’s law.
  • Pressure in liquids
  • Archimedes’ principle.

 

Electricity
  • Circuit
  • Measurement of current and potential difference.
  • Grouping of lamps
  • Magnets and coils

 

 
  • Alternating current
  • Ohm’s law and grouping of resistors
  • Power and energy

Heat

 

 
  • Quantity of heat and transfer of heat
  • Thermal equilibrium.

 

Waves

 
  • Characteristics of waves - Sound waves.
  • Electromagnetic waves and colors.

 

 

Optics

 
  • Rectilinear propagation of light.
  • Reflection of light and plane mirror.
  • Refraction of light.
  • Lenses and eye.